Battery storage principle: Taking the common lithium-ion battery as an example, it consists of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte and a diaphragm. When charging, lithium ions are released from the positive electrode, pass through the electrolyte, and penetrate the diaphragm to embed into the negative electrode; when discharging, lithium ions are released from the negative electrode, and pass through the electrolyte and diaphragm in the reverse direction to return to the positive electrode. In this process, the transfer of charge is achieved through the movement of ions, so that electrical energy is stored in the form of chemical energy inside the battery, and the chemical energy is converted back to electrical energy when needed.
Circuit management system: The portable energy storage power supply is equipped with a complex circuit management system, which is like a "smart housekeeper". On the one hand, during the charging process, it can control the current and voltage to ensure that the battery is safely charged at an appropriate rate and avoid overcharging (overcharging may cause the battery to overheat, bulge or even catch fire). On the other hand, during discharge, the circuit management system ensures the output of stable voltage and current, adapts to the needs of various electrical equipment, and prevents the battery from over-discharging (over-discharging will damage the battery life).
Energy conversion and storage process: When an external power source charges a portable energy storage power source, the electrical energy first passes through an AC-DC converter to convert the alternating current into direct current, and then the direct current enters the battery, where it is converted from electrical energy to chemical energy and stored. When the energy storage power source powers a device, the chemical energy in the battery is converted into electrical energy, and then the direct current output by the battery is converted into a voltage and current suitable for the electrical device through circuits such as a DC-DC converter and then output.
Lead Acid Battery
When charging, the current comes in, and the lead sulfate on the positive plate reacts with water to generate lead dioxide and sulfuric acid, and also produces two electrons; the lead sulfate on the negative plate gains electrons and becomes lead and sulfate ions. This series of reactions converts electrical energy into chemical energy and stores it. At the same time, the density of the sulfuric acid solution increases because of the increase in sulfuric acid.
When discharging, the opposite happens. The lead on the negative plate reacts with sulfate ions to generate lead sulfate and release two electrons; the lead dioxide, sulfuric acid and reflux electrons on the positive plate work together to generate lead sulfate and water. As the discharge continues, sulfuric acid is continuously consumed, the density of the solution decreases, and the chemical energy is converted into electrical energy to power external devices.
