In today's increasingly widespread use of solar energy, ensuring the compatibility between solar panels and connected products is of utmost importance. When the output power of a solar panel exceeds the maximum limit of a product, a series of serious hazards will be caused.
For the internal circuit of a power product, its electronic components such as capacitors, resistors, and integrated circuits have rated operating parameters. Once the output power of the solar panel exceeds the limit, the components may be subjected to excessive voltage or current. For example, a capacitor may be short-circuited due to breakdown, and the integrated circuit chip may burn out its internal circuit due to overcurrent, resulting in the impairment or even failure of the power product's function. At the same time, excessive current causes the wire to heat up. According to Joule's law, it may lead to the melting of the wire's insulating sheath and cause a short circuit, generating an extremely large current instantaneously and even causing a fire and damaging the entire power system. Long-term overload will also accelerate the aging of the circuit board, causing loose wire soldering points and poor wire contact, affecting performance and service life.
The battery also faces risks. Different batteries have their safe charging ranges, and overcharging is prone to occur when the power exceeds the limit. Taking a lithium battery as an example, overcharging will cause lithium metal to precipitate and form lithium dendrites, which pierce the diaphragm and cause a short circuit between the positive and negative electrodes, triggering thermal runaway, manifested as battery bulging, combustion or even explosion. A lead-acid battery will accelerate the sulfation of the electrode plates due to overcharging, reducing the active material, decreasing the capacity and shortening the service life. In addition, charging beyond the limit makes the battery in an abnormal working state for a long time, accelerating the internal chemical reaction, increasing the internal resistance, increasing the self-discharge rate, greatly reducing the cycle life and failing prematurely.
From the perspective of safety risks, component damage and short circuits caused by circuit overload will generate electric sparks, and the high-temperature flame generated by the thermal runaway of battery overcharging. If there are flammable substances nearby, it is very easy to cause a fire, affecting surrounding equipment, buildings and endangering personal safety. Users may also be injured by electric spark burns and explosion fragments, and there is a risk of electric shock.
In conclusion, the power matching between solar panels and products cannot be ignored. Exceeding the maximum output power of a product will bring serious hazards to circuits, batteries and personal safety. In solar energy applications, strict control of power compatibility must be carried out to ensure the safe and stable operation of the system.
